| Adipose tissue biopsy | This procedure is used to describe the technique of the adipose tissue needle biopsy, taking 300 to 1000 mg of adipose tissue in the peri-umbilical region for histopathological examination and gene expression analysis. | — |
| Alcohol questionnaire | Alcohol use questionnaire, e.g. WHO alcohol questionnaire to measure volume as well as pattern of drinking. | |
| BES | The Binge Eating Scale is a sixteen item questionnaire used to assess the presence of binge eating behavior indicative of an eating disorder. The questions are based upon both behavioral characteristics (e.g., amount of food consumed) and the emotional, cognitive response, guilt or shame. | |
| Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis | BIA (single frequency) allows the evaluation of body composition (fat-free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW)). There are several requirements: subjects should not have significant fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, it should be applied to an appropriate population, with age or pathology-specific BIA equations and established procedures. | |
| BOD POD | BOD POD: A method to evaluate body composition. The BOD POD is a computerized, egg-shaped chamber. Using the same whole-body measurement principle as underwater weighing, the BOD POD measures a subject's mass and volume by air displacement plethysmography, from which their whole-body density is determined. Using these data, body fat and lean muscle mass can then be calculated. | |
| Calorimetric chambers | Calorimetric chambers enable the accurate evaluation of energy expenditure and the use of energy substrates (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) by an individual living under conditions that allow precise control of his physical activity and diet. | — |
| Clamp studies | The purpose of this Standard Operation Procedure is to ensure that the process of measuring the insulin resistance of a subject in Nutrition Centres is performed under standardised conditions
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| Clock drawing test | The clock-drawing test is a cognitive screening instrument
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| DEBQ | Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. | — |
| DEXA | Dual-Energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) is used to measure body fat, lean tissue and bone mineral content | — |
| Dietary recall | 24 hour dietary recall | The 24-hour dietary recall is an interview held in person or over the telephone where a participant is asked to report all the foods eaten in the previous 24 hour period.
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| Double labelled water | Procedure for measuring carbon dioxide production with doubly labelled water.
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| DSM V | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. The DSM consists of three major components: the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text.
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| Faecal analysis | Feacal analysis can be done with stool samples to monitor lipid and microbiota composition. Changes in human gut microbiota are associated with a variety of diseases and diet modifies gut microbiota. Profiling of the fecal microbiota can be done by Genome sequencing and ribosomal RNA survey. Microbiota-diet interactions produce metabolites, which can be analysed. | |
| FFQ | The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) assess dietary intake. It can be self-administered or administered by an interviewer and consists of a list of questions regarding the frequency of intake of specific foods over a predetermined time such as a week or a month. FFQs may or may not ask the portion size of the foods investigated.
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| Fibroscan liver investigation | Examination with FibroScan®, also called transient elastography, is a technique used to assess liver stiffness (measured in kPa correlated to fibrosis) without invasive investigation. The technology measures the velocity of the sound wave passing through the liver and then converts that measurement into a liver stiffness measurement.
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| GCP | Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is an international quality standard that is provided by ICH, an international body that defines standards, which governments can transpose into regulations for clinical trials involving human subjects. | |
| GPAQ | The WHO developed the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for physical activity surveillance.The GPAQ covers several components of physical activity, such as intensity, duration, and frequency, and it assesses three domains in which physical activity is performed (occupational physical activity, transport-related physical activity, and physical activity during discretionary or leisure time). | |
| HAD | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HAD scale is an instrument that can detect anxiety and depressive disorders. It contains 14 items rated from 0 to 3. Seven questions relate to anxiety (total A) and seven to the depressive dimension (D total), thus obtaining two scores (maximum score of each score = 21).
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| Hospital nutrition benchmarking | Hospital nutrition benchmarking: nutritionDay questionnaires for units and patients. This has been regularly utilised for 10 years and offers speciality related benchmarking of the nutrition risk profile and interventions in specific wards. | |
| Impedancemetry | The impedancemeter can determine body composition by multifrequency bio-electrical impedance
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| IPAQ | The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is used as a comparable and standardised self-report measure of habitual physical activity of populations from different countries and socio-cultural contexts. | |
| IWQOL | Impact of Weight on Quality Of Life lite questionnaire is a validated, 31-item, self-report measure of obesity-specific quality of life. In addition to a total score, there are scores on five domains: Physical function, Self-esteem, Sexual life, Public distress, Work.
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| Mass spectrometry | Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that identifies the amount and type of chemicals present in a sample by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio and abundance of gas-phase ions. | — |
| MED Diet Score | The Mediterranean Diet Score includes nine components that are characteristic of the Mediterranean diet: it ranges from 0 (minimal adherence to l Mediterranean diet) to 9 (maximal adherence). | |